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: The ZnO–BiOI heterostructure exhibited a significant redshift in light absorption compared to pure ZnO, confirming its efficacy under visible light.

: The cotton floc-like structure provides a high surface area, which maximizes the contact between the catalyst and pollutants. 124272

: The formation of a p-n heterojunction creates an internal electric field that drives electrons and holes in opposite directions, reducing recombination rates. This synergy leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals ( ) and superoxide radicals ( ), which Mineralize the organic dyes. 4. Conclusion 124272

One-step synthesis of highly active cotton floc like ZnO–BiOI 124272