While a federal holiday was not immediately established, several states took the lead in the early 1900s:

In 1914, James rode 4,000 miles on horseback across the U.S. to gather endorsements from 24 state governors. He presented these signatures to the White House to petition for a national holiday. Early State Observances

The focus eventually shifted from a single day to a week, and finally a month, to provide a broader platform for education and celebration. National Native American Heritage Month: November 2025

The journey of American Indian Day—the precursor to today’s National Native American Heritage Month —is a century-long story of advocacy, from solo horseback rides to federal proclamations. Initially conceived as a single day of recognition, it has evolved into a nationwide celebration of Indigenous cultures and resilience. The Pioneers of Recognition

Became the first state to officially recognize American Indian Day, choosing the second Saturday in May.