Arq

An Adaptive Type-I1 hybrid ARQ/FEC Protocol - Clemson University

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g., protocol efficiency calculations, equations) or a ? Do youg., mobile networks, satellite)? An Adaptive Type-I1 hybrid ARQ/FEC Protocol - Clemson

SR provides the best throughput in high-error rate scenarios.

is a fundamental error-control mechanism used in telecommunications and data link layers to ensure reliable transmission over unreliable communication links. Unlike Forward Error Correction (FEC) , which allows the receiver to correct errors, ARQ relies on the receiver identifying errors and requesting retransmission of data from the sender. This paper covers the primary types of ARQ protocols, their mechanisms, and performance tradeoffs. 2. Fundamental Mechanisms ARQ protocols operate based on two main principles: the receiver discards all subsequent frames

ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable digital communication. While Stop-and-Wait is efficient for simple, low-delay networks, Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat are essential for modern high-speed networks. The hybrid approach (HARQ) offers the best balance of efficiency and reliability in modern wireless scenarios.

Higher bandwidth–delay products require larger window sizes (GBN/SR) to maintain high throughput. 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) and performance tradeoffs.

) before needing an ACK. If a frame is lost, the receiver discards all subsequent frames, and the sender must retransmit all frames starting from the lost one. Better utilization than Stop-and-Wait. Cons: High retransmission overhead in poor channels. 3.3. Selective Repeat ARQ (SR)