Aspirin works by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins—substances that cause inflammation, pain, and fever.
Used for acute pain relief, fever reduction, and controlling inflammation.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is arguably the world's most enduring "wonder drug," with an estimated 40,000 tons consumed annually. It is a versatile nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that acts as a pain reliever (analgesic), fever reducer (antipyretic), anti-inflammatory, and a crucial anti-platelet agent.
While generally safe, aspirin carries risks, particularly when used long-term:
Commercialized in 1899, it quickly became a staple in medicine cabinets,, eventually helping millions manage aches and reduce fevers during the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.
Prescribed for long-term daily use to reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks or ischaemic strokes.
By blocking thromboxane A2 production, aspirin prevents blood platelets from aggregating, which is why it is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes.