Multi-ply designs offer a better fatigue life than single-ply versions.
They are susceptible to "squirm" (buckling) if internal pressure exceeds design limits. Corrosion near welding points is also a common failure point. bellows
They are excellent for absorbing vibration and multi-directional movement, especially in high-pressure or nuclear environments. Multi-ply designs offer a better fatigue life than
In engineering, bellows are convoluted shells that compress or extend to handle pressure or thermal expansion in piping systems. the photographic accessory
Essential for modern piping, but they require strict adherence to ASME/EJMA standards to prevent catastrophic instability. Design and analysis aspect of metal expansion bellows
Because "bellows" can refer to several different things, here are reviews for the most common interpretations: the industrial component, the photographic accessory, and the horror video game.