: You can also find the Executive Summary and Full Report hosted by Cotec, which highlights key indicators like the TEA (Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity) rate.
: A significant increase in the use of digital tools among new businesses. Download Emprendedores 2022 pdf
: The complete GEM España 2022-2023 Report is available as a PDF, covering national trends, motivations, and obstacles for entrepreneurs. : You can also find the Executive Summary
You can view or download the full report through the following official sources: covering national trends
: The report notes a return to pre-pandemic levels of entrepreneurial activity.
: While "creating wealth" remains a factor, "making a difference" and "necessity" (lack of other jobs) are prominent drivers.