Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes planus), and chronic wearing of narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes.
Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts). Download Hallux valgus pdf
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on visual assessment of the deformity and patient symptoms, followed by radiographic verification. Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes
Hallux Valgus: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment flat feet (pes planus)