Essentials Of Ecology (2025)

Because elk weren't overgrazing those specific areas, willow and cottonwood trees began to shoot up. In some spots, trees quintupled in height in just a few years.

Elk stopped hanging out in open valleys and gorges where they were easy targets. Essentials of Ecology

The classic example is the . It wasn't just about wolves eating elk; it triggered a chain reaction: Because elk weren't overgrazing those specific areas, willow