: Refers to the Laser Institute of America , which publishes the Journal of Laser Applications . 32 : Represents Volume 32 of the journal.
: The study utilized a specialized wear test at ambient temperatures. To ensure precise measurements, researchers used a high-accuracy balance, specifically the Sartarius LA-230S (accuracy of 0.0001 g), to weigh samples before and after testing. lia 32 230 (7)
: To understand the wear mechanisms at a microscopic level, the team employed Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) . Context of "LIA" and "230" In this technical context: : Refers to the Laser Institute of America