Warfare didn't exist in that form; it was too early for his military model. Agricultural spread (7000 BC)
He suggests that before 1600 BC, Europe knew "fighting" but not organized "warfare". He posits that true militarism emerged only when the horse-drawn chariot allowed for decisive, open-field battles. 🔍 Academic Reception & Critique
Drews’ work is a significant departure from two major existing theories: Proposed Mechanism Drews' Counterpoint Horse-riding raiders/pastoralists (3500–2500 BC)
Critics argue that evidence of pre-1600 BC mass combat (such as the Tollense River massacre site ) contradicts his late timeline.
Modern ancient DNA studies increasingly support earlier, massive migrations from the Steppe during the Yamnaya period (c. 3000 BC), complicating Drews' 1600 BC focus.
Militarism And The Indo-europeanizing Of Europe -
Warfare didn't exist in that form; it was too early for his military model. Agricultural spread (7000 BC)
He suggests that before 1600 BC, Europe knew "fighting" but not organized "warfare". He posits that true militarism emerged only when the horse-drawn chariot allowed for decisive, open-field battles. 🔍 Academic Reception & Critique
Drews’ work is a significant departure from two major existing theories: Proposed Mechanism Drews' Counterpoint Horse-riding raiders/pastoralists (3500–2500 BC)
Critics argue that evidence of pre-1600 BC mass combat (such as the Tollense River massacre site ) contradicts his late timeline.
Modern ancient DNA studies increasingly support earlier, massive migrations from the Steppe during the Yamnaya period (c. 3000 BC), complicating Drews' 1600 BC focus.
