Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V. V. Noskov and T. P. Andreevskaya) typically covers The Decline of the Ottoman Empire or the processes of modernization and colonial expansion in Asia.
: The authority of the Sultans declined as local governors and military elites (such as the Janissaries) sought more independence.
To save the state, the Ottoman government introduced a series of reforms known as the (1839–1876).
8 класс - Всеобщая история (изд. ВЕНТАНА-ГРАФ)
: The international issue of what to do with the Ottoman Empire's land as it weakened.
: Sought access to the Mediterranean through the Black Sea straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles).
