While often associated with clay, this includes moving physical props frame-by-frame. Materials and Process
Drawings were transferred to cels and painted on the back to create the final colored frame. Historical Significance OLDER ANIMATIONS 2023-03-06 09:41:45
Fantasmagorie (1908) by Émile Cohl is considered the first, utilizing traditional hand-drawn techniques. While often associated with clay, this includes moving
The dominant technique where each frame is hand-drawn on paper, then traced/photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets (cels) to be painted. While often associated with clay
This report outlines the techniques, history, and materials used in "old school" or traditional, hand-drawn animation, which dominated the 20th century before the widespread adoption of digital software.