Tools that move light from A to B, most notably Optical Fibers .

When light hits a material, it can eject electrons or create electron-hole pairs, forming the basis for sensors and solar cells.

The field is governed by a few fundamental physical interactions:

The principle that allows light to "bounce" through glass fibers with almost zero loss, enabling high-speed internet. 2. Essential Components

When these two fields merge, we get "Optoelectronics"—devices that convert electrical energy into light, or vice versa. 1. Core Principles