Power & Interdependence -

: Beyond official state-to-state diplomacy, there are transgovernmental ties between bureaucrats and transnational links between corporations and NGOs.

: How quickly and intensely changes in one country affect another. For example, a sudden rise in oil prices immediately impacts all importing nations. Power & Interdependence

Power can be exercised by setting the (deciding what gets talked about) rather than just winning an argument. III. The Role of International Regimes Power can be exercised by setting the (deciding

The core of the "Power and Interdependence" framework, pioneered by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye , suggests that the traditional "Realist" view of international relations—where states are the only actors and military force is the primary currency of power—is increasingly insufficient in a globalised world. I. The Shift to Complex Interdependence As countries become more intertwined

: Military security no longer consistently dominates. Economic, environmental, and social issues (often called "low politics") are frequently at the forefront of national agendas.

As countries become more intertwined, they create —sets of rules, norms, and procedures that govern specific issue areas (like the World Trade Organization for trade).

: A state's ability to adjust and find alternatives over time. If a country can easily switch to solar power when oil prices rise, it is sensitive but not highly vulnerable. Bargaining Power